2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors usually expressed in sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have breached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the early innate immune response to invading pathogens by sensing microorganism and are involved in sensing endogenous danger signals. TLRs are evolutionarily conserved receptors are homologues of the Drosophila Toll protein, discovered to be important for defense against microbial infection. TLRs recognize highly conserved structural motifs known as pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs), which are exclusively expressed by microbial pathogens.

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Specific Products:

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-159744
    Liposomal adjuvant (M103)
    		Activator
    Liposomal adjuvant (M103) is mainly composed of phospholipids and prepared with highly purified immunostimulatory substances (polysaccharides), with a pH value of 6.2-6.8. This adjuvant is safe, non-toxic, and metabolizable. It can induce cellular and humoral immunity, has a sustained-release effect, and can prolong the residence time of antigens in the body. This adjuvant is suitable for various veterinary vaccines, including inactivated vaccines and genetically engineered subunit vaccines. It is recommended for use in rabies, porcine circovirus, , foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and blue ear disease, etc.
    Liposomal adjuvant (M103)
  • HY-162116
    TLR7 agonist 18
    		Agonist
    TLR7 agonist 18 (Compound 21a) is a selective Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with an EC50 of 7.8 μM. TLR7 agonist 18 is not cytotoxic to hTLR7 cotransfected HEK293 cell lines and can induce the secretion of several cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-8, and TNF-α. TLR7 agonist 18 can be used in vaccine, asthma, allergy and anti-cancer research.
    TLR7 agonist 18
  • HY-177623A
    CpG-ODN c41 sodium
    		Agonist
    CpG-ODN c41 sodium, an oligonucleotide, is an antagonist of TLR9.
    CpG-ODN c41 sodium
  • HY-145254
    Tri(TLR4-IN-C34-PEG2-amide-PEG1)-amide-C3-COOH
    		Inhibitor
    Tri(TLR4-IN-C34-PEG2-amide-PEG1)-amide-C3-COOH is a linker that incorporates TLR4 inhibitor TLR4-IN-C34. TLR4-IN-C34 inhibits TLR4 in enterocytes and macrophages, and reduces systemic inflammation in mouse models of endotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis.
    Tri(TLR4-IN-C34-PEG2-amide-PEG1)-amide-C3-COOH
  • HY-B0380S1
    Trimebutine-d5 fumarate
    		Inhibitor
    Trimebutine-d5 fumarate is deuterium labeled Trimebutine fumarate. Trimebutine fumarate is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine fumarate inhibits L-type Ca2+ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine fumarate also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine fumarate also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine fumarate also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
    Trimebutine-d<sub>5</sub> fumarate
  • HY-150738B
    FITC-labeled ODN 2088 sodium
    		Antagonist
    FITC-labeled ODN 2088 (sodium) is a potent TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 inhibitor. FITC-labeled ODN 2088 (sodium) can be used to evaluate CpG ODN cellular uptake and localization by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (excitation 495 nm, emission 520 nm) or flow cytometry.
    FITC-labeled ODN 2088 sodium
  • HY-145886
    TLR7/8 antagonist 1
    		Antagonist
    TLR7/8 Antagonist 1 (Compound 16c) is the potent antagonist of TLR7/8 with IC50s of 3.91 and 2.19 μM, respectively. TLR7/8 Antagonist 1 is an imidazoquinoline derivative compound. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 are key targets in the development of immunomodulatory drugs for researching infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.
    TLR7/8 antagonist 1
  • HY-RS14588
    Tlr4 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Tlr4 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Tlr4 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Tlr4 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-160040
    Cobitolimod
    		Agonist
    Cobitolimod is a DNA oligonucleotide agonist of TLR-9 with anti-inflammatory activity. Cobitolimod suppresses Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory FoxP3 and IL-10 expression, inhibiting the IL-17 signaling pathway.
    Cobitolimod
  • HY-168157
    TLR7 agonist 26
    		Agonist
    TLR7 agonist 26 (Compound 4) is a potent Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, with an EC50 of 225.5 nM. TLR7 agonist 26 shows immunopotentiating effects.
    TLR7 agonist 26
  • HY-159750
    M903
    		Activator
    M903 is a new type of mineral oil-based adjuvant, which belongs to water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion. It can enhance both cellular and humoral immunity against non-specific antigens, stimulate specific immunity against the antigens, delay the release of the antigens in the body, and improve the immunity of animals. It is applicable to various veterinary vaccines, including inactivated vaccines and genetically engineered subunit vaccines, such as pig vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease and blue ear disease.
    M903
  • HY-P2848A
    Cholesterol oxidase, rhodococcus sp
    		Inhibitor
    Cholesterol oxidase, Rhodococcus sp. is a key enzyme in the cholesterol degradation process. It catalyzes the isomerization and oxidation of cholesterol mediated by the coenzyme FAD. Research indicates that cholesterol oxidase plays a crucial role in the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by modulating the host macrophage immune response through inhibition of the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cholesterol oxidase, from Rhodococcus sp., shows potential for research in the field of tuberculosis.
    Cholesterol oxidase, rhodococcus sp
  • HY-P11093
    Papiliocin
    		Inhibitor
    Papiliocin is a potent peptide antibiotic with both anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Papiliocin is primarily active against Gram-negative bacteria. Papiliocin exhibits strong anti-inflammatory activity against cell, exerting its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of NO and the secretion of TNF-α and MIP-2. Papiliocin participates in the innate defense response mechanism by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor pathway and NF-κB. Papiliocin induces apoptosis in fungal cells and increases the total level of intracellular ROS. Papiliocin acts as an effective antiseptic peptide in sepsis models. Papiliocin is useful in anti-inflammatory and antibacterial research.
    Papiliocin
  • HY-130320A
    Monophosphoryl lipid A free acid
    		Agonist
    Monophosphoryl lipid A (free acid) is a toll-like receptor 4 agonist. Monophosphoryl lipid A (free acid) is derived from the cell wall of nonpathogenic Salmonella. Monophosphoryl lipid A (free acid) can be used for the research of immunization and vaccine.
    Monophosphoryl lipid A free acid
  • HY-156175
    TLR7 agonist 14
    		Agonist
    TLR7 agonist 14 (compound 17b) is a highly potent TLR7 agonist with an EC50 of 18 nM. TLR7 agonist 14 potently induces the activation of mouse macrophages and hPBMCs at low-nanomolar concentrations.
    TLR7 agonist 14
  • HY-B0180S1
    Imiquimod-d9
    		Agonist
    Imiquimod-d9 is deuterium labeled Imiquimod. Imiquimod (R 837), an immune response modifier, is a selective toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. Imiquimod exhibits antiviral and antitumor effects in vivo. Imiquimod can be used for the research of external genital, perianal warts, cancer and COVID-19.
    Imiquimod-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-B0180S
    Imiquimod-d6
    		Agonist
    Imiquimod-d6 is the deuterium labeled Imiquimod. Imiquimod (R 837), an immune response modifier, is a selective toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. Imiquimod exhibits antiviral and antitumor effects in vivo. Imiquimod can be used for the research of external genital, perianal warts, cancer and COVID-19.
    Imiquimod-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N7264R
    7α-Hydroxycholesterol (Standard)
    7α-Hydroxycholesterol is a cholesterol oxide and can serve as a biomarker for oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol has cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activities. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol can also inhibit sterol synthesis and reduce the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. 7α-Hydroxycholesterol can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis.
    7α-Hydroxycholesterol (Standard)
  • HY-B0380AR
    Trimebutine maleate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Trimebutine maleate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trimebutine maleate (HY-B0380A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trimebutine maleate is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine maleate inhibits L-type Ca2+ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine maleate also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine maleate also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine maleate also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
    Trimebutine maleate (Standard)
  • HY-159919
    UM-3006
    		Agonist
    UM-3006 is a highly efficient TLR7/8 agonist that enhances immune responses by activating the TLR signaling pathway. UM-3006 holds significant research and application potential in the fields of vaccine adjuvants and immune diseases.
    UM-3006
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison

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